Media & Invasion of Privacy

LAGOS STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF COMMUNICATION A TERM PAPER SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE COURSE: ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL Practice (MAC 854) LECTURER: DR. JIMI KAYODE TITLE: MEDIA AND THE INVASION OF PRIVACY BY AKANDE ADEFEYISAYO ADEBOLARINWA †¢ SUBMITTED ON 30th JANUARY, 2010 INTRODUCTION Media professionals have the capacity of social occasion, preparing and spreading news thing to a heterogeneous huge crowd which customarily not finished in view of sound good judgment lands them into pool of disturbed waters. VIPs, government officials and other looked for after wellsprings of news have over the long haul communicated reasonable anguish over the lessening parts of their lives that are not, at this point liberated from prying eyes and distribution from the press. They routinely affirm that individuals from the media disregards their protection dependent on their need to distribute any report that comes their way for the principle motivation behind benefit and essentially can not recognize what sort of data is private, open or newsworthy. Writers, in any case, regularly have various ideas of protection and newsworthiness, and realize that the issue is increasingly muddled dependent on the way that revealing reports such that serves and illuminates the open will frequently require publicizing subtleties or showing pictures that will humiliate or outrage somebody. To make protection issues much progressively convoluted for columnists, courts continually reclassify what is private dependent on understandings of the subtle legitimate standard of a â€Å"reasonable desire for security. ( www. winning-newsmedia. com/security) â€Å"The U. S. Incomparable Courts chastening of the media in the 1999 â€Å"ride along† cases for an apparent carelessness to the security privileges of the individuals highlighted in the news in all likelihood mirrors the present mentality of numerous adjudicators and administrators and, accordingly, underscores the significance for columnists to know about general protection standards. † (www. associatedcontent. com/theme) The interruption and distribution of private pictures can open columnists to overpowering monetary risk if a court establishes that a news association has attacked a person’s security. The attack of another’s security is a tort, which means a common wrong against another that outcomes in injury. A protection tort happens when an individual or substance breaks the obligation to disregard someone else. At the point when journalists interrupt a person’s security and cause enthusiastic or money related injury, they might be compelled to pay harms. To maintain a strategic distance from claims, writers must know how the law works while trying to adjust the contending interests of the press and the general population against the protection interests of the subjects of the reports. Writers regularly run opposite of this tort through the way toward social occasion data. Activities that may abuse this protection right incorporate interruption onto private property, disguised perception and the misleading access into private zones. Direct that attacks protection may likewise damage the criminal law. As a rule, courts have held that writers must comply with every single significant law. In Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn, 420 U. S. 469 (1975) â€Å"the U. S. Preeminent Court noticed that in protection tort, cases of security most straightforwardly stand up to the established rights to speak freely and press†. www. definitions. uslegal. com) This investigation gives a widespread clarification of every security tort and related reasons for activity. The security realities tort presents the disrupting conditions in which writers might be at risk for financial harms for inclusion of news thing. In a few cases the Supreme Court has held that â€Å"where a paper d istributes honest data which it has legitimately acquired, discipline may legally be forced, if by any means, just when barely customized to a state enthusiasm of the most elevated request. Florida Star v. B. J. F. , 491 U. S. 524, 541 (1989). Despite the fact that the Supreme Court has kept states from rebuffing writers who distributed lawfully acquired names of adolescent guilty parties and assault casualties, the Court has not completely dismissed the private realities tort in this specific situation. In spite of the fact that violations, for example, assault are newsworthy and newsworthiness is a barrier to a private realities suit, not all courts have concurred that the personality of an assault casualty is newsworthy. Aside from report either in the communicate or in the print medium, photography has additionally been seen as representing some incomparable issues in protection law, extensively, the legitimate examination for attack of security through pictures matches the investigation for intrusions through words. Basically, the extent of this investigation is just to examination the principal idea of protection laws, the different kinds that a broad communications specialist can cross paths with over the span of their obligation and its suggestion for the general public in general. Rise of Privacy Laws: Worries about nosy paper revealing were chiefly the start of the law of protection. Around then, metropolitan every day papers utilized an assortment of electrifying data to draw in possible perusers. Media specialists regularly played out the lives of the wealthy and celebrated on the pages of their paper, allowing their perusers to vicariously appreciate the riches and the status of the superstar. It was the sort of news coverage presently regularly alluded to as â€Å"yellow journalism† that drove two Boston legal advisors, Samuel D. Warren and Louis Brandeis to utilize the pages of the Harvard Law Review to prescribe a formally recorded right to security named â€Å"The Right to Privacy† in 1890. Along these lines, their undertaking can be reasonably alluded to as the source from which the law of security grew from. In their words as refered to in Pember and Calvert, 2006: To fulfill a lustful taste the subtleties of sexual relations are spread communicated in the sections of the day by day papers. To possess the inactive, segment upon section is loaded up with inert tattle, which must be secured by interruption upon the household circle†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. The custom-based law has consistently perceived a man’s house as his stronghold, secure, frequently, even to its own officials occupied with the execution of its orders. Will the courts close the front access to comprised authority, and open wide the indirect access to sit or licentious interest? Warren and Brandeis firmly suggested that individuals ought to have the option to go to courts to stop such ridiculous interruptions and furthermore to make sure about money related harms for the hardship or enthusiastic pain they experienced prying and from distribution of private materials about them. The subject of when the inclusion and announcing of news turned into an attack of security is a troublesome one, particularly for picture takers and videographers. Thusly, the blend of an absence of away from of protection norms and an acknowledgment of level of security places media professionals in a tricky position. In Sanders v. American Broadcasting Cos. , Inc. , 978 P. 2d 67 Cal. 1999, â€Å"the California Supreme Court held in 1999 that even a representative who holds a discussion in an open office space and caught by collaborators can seek after an attack of security guarantee if that discussion is recorded by a reporter’s concealed camera. The court dismissed the idea of protection as a â€Å"all-or-nothing† idea and depicted a â€Å"expectation of constrained privacy† as follows: †¢ An abstract desire for security is an assessment of an individual that a specific spot or circumstance is private. †¢ A target, authentic or sensible desire for security is a desire for protection perceived by society Under various conditions, notwithstanding, courts have set up that news media are supported in doing what their subjects may feel is intrusive. ( wikipedia: 2002) Definitions: As per the United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights Resolution 219A (III), Article 12 of 10 December 1948 as refered to in Malemi (2002: 163): No one will be exposed to subjective impedance with his protection, family, home or correspondence, nor assaults upon his respect and notoriety. Everybody has the option to the security of the law against such obstruction or assaults. Security alludes principally to a person’s option to be disregarded by the media, not really a physical interruption into one's private property or individual space. Intrusion of security charges are generally introduced in a common claim against news sources that have crossed an apparent line into a VIP or other open figure's private life, or have utilized their resemblance or name in an unapproved open way Privacy law is the territory of law worried about the assurance and conservation of the protection privileges of people. Progressively, governments and different publics just as private associations gather tremendous measures of individual data about people for an assortment of purposes. The law of security controls the sort of data which might be gathered and how the data might be utilized. The Right to Privacy: According to the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, part IV, Section 37 on the privilege to private and family life says: â€Å"Citizens have right to security of themselves, their homes, correspondence, phone and transmitted interchanges. † An infringement of this rights adds up to attack of protection. Cures would then be able to be sought after in the courts when anybody goes in opposition to the above arrangements. The privilege of security is a custom-based law reason for activity that is an ongoing lawful turn of events. The U. S. Constitution contains no immediate references to one side of protection, in spite of the fact that the Fourth Amendment states: â€Å"The right of the individuals to be secure in their people, houses, papers, and impacts, against outlandish pursuits and seizures, will not be violated†¦ † The privilege of security contends with the opportunity of the press just as the enthusiasm of the general population in the free spread of news and data, and these p

Summary of the Sugar Revolution free essay sample

Rundown of the Sugar Revolution Sugar-Summary The French and English didn't sit by a let Spain colonize the whole Caribbean. They to settled in a portion of the Caribbean islands which they colonized themselves. They assaulted Spanish states just as Spanish boats, both lawfully and wrongfully. By the mid seventeenth century Spain had now become a debilitated frontier ace. Sugar The English Sugar undertaking started in Barbados in the mid 1640s. The opposition from Virginia tobacco prompted the Caribbean grower changing their concentration to the creation of sugar. The popularity of sugar by the European nations likewise played a factor The Dutch were extremely instrumental in carrying the creation of sugar toward the West Indies. They provided the strategies, just as the work. Somewhere in the range of 1643 and 1660 Barbados was changed into an absolute sugar manor economy.  ·Lands which had recently been in little profitable units were currently bits of bigger manors. We will compose a custom exposition test on Rundown of the Sugar Revolution or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page  ·The cost of land soar  ·Small ranchers were constrained bankrupt  ·Large manor proprietors were then ready to control the islands undertakings

Second Chance Bank Accounts Could They Be For You

Second Chance Bank Accounts Could They Be For You Second Chance Bank Accounts: Could They Be For You? Second Chance Bank Accounts: Could They Be For You?If your Chexsystems report makes opening a traditional bank account impossible, then a second chance bank account could, well, give you a second chance!Access to traditional banking makes a huge difference when it comes to your financial health. But you can also lose access to it relatively easily. If you have made some mistakes with a previous bank accountâ€"the same kinds of financial misbehavior that leads to a low credit scoreâ€"you might have a lot of difficulty opening a new one.That’s because many banks will run a credit check or look you up in ChexSystems. Among other functions, ChexSystems monitors the bank activity of American consumers. If you’ve previously had overdrafts or negative balances, that will show up when the bank runs your information through ChexSystems.However, even if you aren’t able to get a traditional bank account, you may still be able to get a second chance bank account. What is a second chance ba nk account? We’ll answer that, as well as some other questions in this very article! Read on and find out! Why a bank account is important.In case you aren’t yet convinced that you need a bank account in the first place, we’re here to convince you that you should probably have one.One major benefit of a bank account is the obvious one: Its a great place to keep your money. Not only will you have more room under your mattress, but traditional banks are FDIC insured which means your money will be protected. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) is a government insurance company that takes fees from banks so that, even if those banks screw up or get in some sort of trouble, you’ll still be able to access the money you deposited.Another common benefit is the ability to pay via debit card or withdraw cash from ATMs. If you can choose a bank that has enough ATMs near your personal stomping grounds, you shouldn’t even have to pay a fee to make withdrawals.It’s also m uch more expensive to try to get through life without a bank account. Aside from ATM fees, wiring money or cashing checks through your bank account is free, while check cashing establishments will charge you to access your own money. Those fees can be up to 12 percent of the check, which can easily mean losing hundreds of dollars from your paycheck every month.And if that’s not enough, banks can provide you to access to credit which can be vital to getting a home, a car, or a loan for nearly any other purpose. So if you’re barred from opening up a traditional bank account, it’s a good idea to explore your other options.Second chance for romanceâ€"ummâ€"banking.If you were caught by ChexSystems, you might still have the chance to open a second chance bank account. It’ll have some significant disadvantages compared to regular bank accounts, but it’s probably better than no bank account at all.“Simply stated, second chance bank accounts are checking accounts for people who had minor problems with previous checking accountsâ€"for instance, small overdrafts or a history of bounced checks,” explained RJ Mansfield (@DebtAssassin1), consumer’s rights advocate and author of  Debt Assassin: A Black Ops Guide to Cleaning Up Your Credit. “Checking accounts with a negative history will be reported to a data repository like Chexsystems.“These second chance accounts have higher monthly fees, higher bounced check charges, usually require a direct deposit, and cant be opened online. Because of the consumers past history with checking, these accounts are closely monitored and closed quickly if they are mishandled.”You’ll have to look at the specific second chance bank account being offered and see if it’s a good choice for your situation. If you do decide to get a second chance bank account and maintain it diligently, you may get the chance to graduate to a regular bank account after a year or two of good banking behavior. Its one of the best features that second chance bank accounts can offer!There are other possibilities.If you decide a second chance bank account isn’t for you, there are still some possibilities. You can look at your rights under ChexSystems and see if it’s worth contacting them. If they’ve made a mistake, you should make them aware of it so they can remove it.You could also try and get around ChexSystems entirely.“If you have had a previous problem with a checking account, you can avoid being required to open a second chance account by simply Googling, ‘Non-Chexsystems banks’ and opening an account with one of those institutions,” advised Mansfield.The penalties you face for not having a bank account are yet another example of how the system is often weighted against those who are already struggling. But there are still ways to overcome these hardships. It won’t necessarily be easy or fair, but it is possible.If you can take advantage of the options available to you, work out a plan, and stick to it, you can build yourself a better financial future.The worse shape youre in financially the more likely you are to fall prey to predatory no credit check loans and short-term  bad credit loans  like payday loans and cash advances. Thats not great! To learn more about how you can improve your long-term financial outlook, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:Want to Avoid No Credit Check Loans? Build an Emergency FundA Beginner’s Guide to BudgetingWant to Raise Your Credit Score by 50 Points? Here Are Some Tips8 Ways To Save Money Today, Tomorrow and Every Day AfterWhat other questions do you have bank accounts?  Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.ContributorsRJ Mansfield  (@DebtAssassin1) is a consumer’s rights advocate and author of  Debt Assassin: A Black Ops Guide to Cleaning Up Your Credit.

How Plants Animals Alter the Planets Surface

One of the agents of organic weathering, bioturbation is the disturbance of the soil or sediment by living things. It may include displacing soil by plant roots, digging by burrowing animals (such as ants or rodents), pushing sediment aside (such as in animal tracks), or eating and excreting sediment, as earthworms do. Bioturbation aids the penetration of air and water and loosens sediment to promote winnowing or washing (transportation). How Bioturbation Works Under ideal circumstances, sedimentary rock is formed in predictable layers. Sediments -- bits of soil, rock, and organic matter -- collect on the surface of the land or at the bottom of rivers and oceans. Over time, these sediments are compressed to the point of which they form rock. This process is called lithification. Layers of sedimentary rock may be seen in many geological structures. Geologists are able to determine the age and composition of sedimentary rock based on the materials included in the sediment and the level at which the rock lies. In general, older layers of sedimentary rocks lie under newer layers. Organic matter and fossils that make up the sediments also provide clues to the age of the rock. Natural processes can disturb the regular layering of sedimentary rock. Volcanoes and earthquakes can disturb layers by forcing older rock closer to the surface and newer rock deeper into the Earth. But it doesnt take a powerful tectonic event to disturb sedimentary layers. Organisms and plants are constantly shifting and changing Earths sediments. Burrowing animals and the actions of plant roots are two sources of bioturbation. Since bioturbation is so common, sedimentary rocks are divided into three groups that describe their level of bioturbation: Burrowed rock is filled with evidence of organisms, and may contain elements from several different sedimentary layers.Laminated rock shows evidence of bioturbation at the surface caused by non-burrowing activity. Examples include furrows and tracks created by aquatic or terrestrial animals.The massive rock contains sediments from just a single layer. Examples of Bioturbation   Bioturbation occurs in many different environments and at several different levels. For example: Earthworms digging through soil can shift older materials to higher layers. They can also leave behind traces of their activity in the form of fecal matter which, over time, lithifies.Burrowing marine animals such as crabs, clams, and shrimp, can radically change sedimentary layers. These animals burrow into the sand, creating tunnels and moving materials from one sedimentary layer to another. If the tunnels are sturdy enough, they may later be filled with material formed at a later time.Tree roots often run through multiple layers of soil. As they grow, they may disturb or mix sediments. When they fall, they pull older materials to the surface. Significance of Bioturbation Bioturbation provides researchers with information about sediments, and thus about the geology and history of the sediments and the area. For example: Bioturbation can suggest that a particular area is likely to be rich in petroleum or other natural resources;Bioturbation can provide clues to ancient life in the form of fossilized animal and plant remains;Bioturbation can provide information about life cycles, dietary habits, and migration patterns of contemporary organisms.

Guidelines For Critiquing The Ethical Aspects Of A Study

Michaela P. Capulong NU310 Unit4_Assignment_Worksheet Guidelines for Critiquing the Ethical Aspects of a Study August 24, 2015 1. Was the study approved and monitored by an Institutional Review Board, Research Ethics Board, or other similar ethics review committee? (20 points) The study about the Influences on Preschool Children’s Physical activity was approved by the Deakin University Human Research Ethics Committee. Deakin are renowned for its research and teaching. They ensure the participants are protected by from physical and psychological harm during the study. The study was not monitored but approved by the Institutional Review Board. 2. Were participants subjected to any physical harm, discomfort, or psychological distress? Did the researchers take appropriate steps to remove, prevent, or minimize harm?(20 points) The participants were not subjected to any physical harm and psychological distress. The researchers should discuss and inform the participants for possible foreseeable risk of the study such as discomfort or psychological distress. They addressed the range of aspects in doing qualitative research at the beginning of the research. The study was also guided by Social Economical model to show the appropriateness in understanding the influences on young children’s behaviors. Yes, the researchers took appropriate steps to protect the participants from psychological distress and discomfort. Additionally, the purpose of the study is to explore theShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis Of Hospitals Strategies Associated With 30 Day Readmission Rate For Heart Failure Patients1610 Words   |  7 Pageshospitalizations are the causative reason for increased health care spending, deterioration of the quality of health of patients, lengthened stay in hospitals and lack of trust as far as the delivery of health care services is concerned. 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Philosophy of Leadership Free Essays

The purpose of this research is to examine the Philosophy of Leadership. I will be discussing different terms that relate to philosophy of leadership, theories and definitions. I will be discussing transactional leadership how it relates to philosophy, situational leadership, and generative leadership. We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy of Leadership or any similar topic only for you Order Now Leboeuf (1999) he defined philosophy as the rational investigation of the truth and principals of being knowledge or conduct(p. 28). Philosophy assumes that leadership rest in individuals who must be capable of inspiring and influencing others to solve problems and achieve goals (Sandmann, 1995). According to Peter (1966) philosophy should involve a particular mode of thinking directed to the disciplined demarcation of concepts, the patient explication of the grounds of knowledge and of the presuppositions of different forms of discourse (p. 15) The educational institution leader is first and formost a teacher. Their primary duties are to teach those that they lead and through them the students of the institution. Someone must make the decisions and take the responsibility to enforce them. There is no point in being a leader, however if no one is willing to follow and to be effective authority figures we must have the cooperation of those we lead. It is important for the leader to understand internalize and consider the perception of the host countrys leaders an the influence these leaders have in the smooth operation of the institution in conjunction with the local community . It is the responsibility of the leader to understand the complexities of the host community and to communicate to each of its member the attempt to actually participate in resolving issues. Leadership is personal unless you know who you are, what you are prepared to do and why then you cant hope to achieve anything very grand. Leaders are judge by how they stand up for their adopted principles and values, but most importantly by how they live a life according to these principles and values (Pelonis Stefanos, 2010). According to Sergiovanni (1992) Our goal should be to develop a leadership practice based on professional moral authority (p. 29) . The uniqueness of the individual leader must be considerd and one should take cre to adopt strategies and behaviours that fit with the core personality (Pelonis Stefanos, 2010). Generative leaders recognizes that there are multiple ways of knowing and surround themselves with other thought leaders, including those with whom they disagree. They use holistice, systems perspective in their thinking and move beyond perceived limitations of time,space,traditional thought and their own views of the world . Generative leaders are similar to transformative leaders in working with others to effect change, a generative leader however is one whose definition of success includes finding new options and solutions (Disch, 2009). Transformational leadership occurs when leaders broaden and elevate the interests of their employees, when they generate awareness and acceptance of the purpose and mission of the look beyond their own self-interest for the good group. Transformational leaders achieve these results in one or more ways. They may be charismatic to their followers and thus inspire them; they may meet the emotional needs of each employee and they may intellectually stimulate employees (Bass 1990). Transfomational leadership communicates a vision that inspires and motivates people to achieve something extraordinary. Transformational leaders also have the ability to align people and systems so there is an integrity through-out the organization towords vision (Hughes Curphy,1994). According to Cacioppe (1997) Transformational leaders have a vision and an ability to inspire followers to incoperate higer values. It pulls them towards achieving an important challenge (p. 336) Context of Problem Academic leadership is necessary now more than ever. Leadership for today’s world requires enlarging one’s capacity to see the whole board. Leadership is define by the authors as the continuous act of influencing others to accomplish a common objective. Academic leadership is further define as the continuous act of influencing all constituents of an academic institution to accomplish its mission and to provide the best possible educational experience for students. Leadership is personal unless you know who you are ,what you are prepared to do and why, then you can’t hope to achieve anything very grand (Pelonis Stefanos, 2010). Knowledge is define as the state or fact of knowing and it usually refers to knowledge gained by schooling and study. With that being said, it is very important to be knowledgeable about whatever your career of choice is. As an educator ,which I know that it is important to find different ways that one can become knowledgeable about what they do in the work place because most importantly teaching and interacting with others on a daily basis. Take this situation for an example, it is your first year as a teacher and the first semester is finally over. You are not an experienced teacher but you know the overall morale at your school is low, student achievement is down, and discipline issues are overwhelming. This is definitely not the atmosphere that they talked about in your teaching classes in college. You want to go to the administration but in your past meetings, you have not felt comfortable expressing your concerns. The principal talks to the teachers in a very disrespectful manner, does not address teacher issues and concerns, and never gives any positive feedback at faculty meetings. On top of that administration has visited your room several times and has never given you any feedback about what was seen or how you could improve your teaching. You feel unsupported, overwhelmed, and headed toward a rocky second semester. You need someone to talk to and you begin to think about a upport group that can give you some knowledge about your profession. You more than likely want a teacher that has been around for a while that knows all the ropes about education. Support groups are a great way to grow professionally and create knowledge. As a teacher, you fulfill a number of roles for your students both intellectually and socially. In addition to learning about different teaching tech niques, support groups can help you deal with the responsibilities and pressures that come with the profession. I believe that every new educator needs a teachers’ support group at their school. Taking the sole responsibility for starting a well-planned support group can be time-consuming but also be very rewarding for a teacher who is seeking to create knowledge in the workplace. It may also be helpful to invite colleagues to meet for a general discussion at least once a week so any questions or concerns can be addressed. As the group evolves, the details concerning agenda and procedures will iron out as you customize the group to fit whatever the knowledge one is seeking within the workplace. As we all know everyone does not know it is very important for an educator to be knowledgeable about what they do. Educator holds some very important lives in our hand and they need knowledge. For instance, if educators fail to make the goals attainable, students will never internalize or truly comprehend the skills and make them work in their own brains. Experts say they should steer clear of teaching children as if they were unfilled vessels for information (Barth, 2001). As an alternative, educator should allow them to construct knowledge in a process-oriented way. Instead of worksheets we should incorporate publishing and technology effectively. Then, your classroom will replicate the technological powerhouse society in which students live. Finally, always think about standardized test scores instead of unofficial evaluation statistics and urge parents to do the same. Teachers and teams of teachers must make certified, knowledgeable verdicts based on their individual students’ requirements and skill levels, in relation to curricular necessities and framework. To do this, teachers must be directed and sustained in an uninterrupted learning progression about successful ways to make students learn. Which brings me to my point, an educator must have knowledge and if they do not have knowledge then there are ways to create knowledge in the workplace as I mentioned before. Goodlad (2004) believe that school teaching and leadership are moral endeavors and that preservice teacher education programs seldom address the needs for moral leadership in democratic school (p. 27). According to Pelonis and Gialamas (2010) Successful leadership in the international academic arena calls for leaders to have the following qualities to be continuous learners, risk takers ,visionaries , performing well under stress and able to promote and accommodate change. The ability to cope with and promote change will in fact determine to a large degree the effectiveness of the leader during transitional times ( p. 73). Successful leaders are sensitive to the situation and their followers, are flrxible,and able to adopt to the use situation to ensure that the vision is achieved. A challenging, worthwhile vision is also characteristic of a good leader. The leaders helps the follower transcend their own self-interest and participate in a vision for greater good (Cacioppe,1997). According to Leboeuf (1999) the first element to consider in developing a philosophy of leadership is vision (p. 29). Nanus (1992) contends that vision must be idealistic a mental model of future state of the organization. He also stated that vision must also possess the properties of appropriateness, standards of excellence, purpose and direction (Nanus, 1992). Philosophy examins how meaning is determined and knowledge is established through language usage (Peter, 1966). Leadership philosophy reflects his principals , values,personal , professional goals and talents. It is essential to identify strategies and be st practice for implementing the adopted philosophy. If one adopts the model of leadership in partnership with flexibility, then strategy would require the leader and the leadership team to meet and clearly precisely define the authority and accountability of each (Pelonis Stefanos, 2010). The idea of shared leadership is variously termed dispersed, roving, distributive,collective,or group-centered leadership, and organizations are referred to as leaderful. All of us have leadership qualities that can be pooled and drawn upon as needed. (Nirenburg, 1993) Generativity is the ability to produce or originate , and generative leaders are individuals who create new options or new approachers to old problems and work with and through others to effect needed change, Generative leaders are intellectually curious and never satisfied with the status quo; they are resilient and optimistic, seeing opportunties where others see insoluble problems (Disch, 2009). According to Disch (2009) Generative leaders model creativity and innovations,work with others to enhance their capabilities and create environ,environments in which people can do their best work (p. 173). Transformational leaders are individually considerate, that is, they pay close attention to differences among their employees; they act as mentors to those who need help to grow and develop. Intellectual stimulation leader are willing and able to show their employees new ways of looking at old problems to be solved, and to emphasize rational solutions. (Bass, 1990) Situational leadership is one of several transaction al approaches to leadership. Other transactional theories like path goal theory and leader-participation theory describes the major task of the leaders to guide motivate task of he leader to guide and motivate their followers in the direction of established goals and to reward their efforts in ways that are fair and valued by followers Situational leadership uses the two dimensions of supportive and directive to describe four leadership styles that are most appriopate depending on the situation and the developmental level of the person or group. The major advace of the situation approach is the recognition that for different development levels and different types of situation, different leadership styles are more effective (Cacioppe ,1997). How to cite Philosophy of Leadership, Papers

Late Spring Movie

Introduction The traditional Japanese cinema is very different from the Western tradition of movie making. Late Spring is one of the masterpieces created by Yasujiro Ozu. Taking into account rather unusual representation of the idea and shooting techniques, the film is considered to be a unique phenomenon in the movie making of the world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Late Spring Movie specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Synopsis of the Film The relationship between the father and the daughter living in the old Japanese city is the central theme of the film. The creators unfold the traditional family relationships in Japan. The father recognizes that his daughter has grown up and he intends to give her in marriage. Formal and Thematic Elements of the Clip The Second Scene The second scene of the film shows the talk of Noriko and her father. In the scene, we can see the manner of behavior and communication of t he father and the daughter in Japanese family. (Mades07, 2012). The relationships between the relatives are depicted against a background of national traditions because love and mutual understanding in family is one of the highest moral values. We see Professor Somiya, the father, talking with his assistant about Friedrich List (Bordwell, 1949). He is presented as both a traditionalist and a liberal (Bordwell, 1949). â€Å"Despite Noriko’s self-reliance—an Ozu earmark from the thirties that became an axiom in Late Spring—the acquiescent, ever-smiling heroine’s desires are never considered; she explicitly asks why her contented life cannot just go on as it has been† (Atkinson, par. 6). From the very beginning of the film, we notice the manner of connecting the scenes typical to Ozu. In particular, the train is showed before Noriko actual departure to Tokyo. The elements of nature and Japanese landscape are used as the connections between the scenes. In addition, we notice such typical features of Ozu movie shooting as the static camera, â€Å"false† eyeline-matches and the use of 360-degree shooting space (Wood, p.109-111).Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Last Episode The last scene shows the life of father after his daughter’s marriage. He returns to the empty house. He sits alone in his chair pealing an apple. He is unable to stanch his tears. Although all his efforts have been aimed at giving her daughter in marriage, he has become depressed after he has realized that his plan has turned out well. The episode is followed by the scene showing the ocean which has a symbolic meaning in the film. In the Japanese tradition, the water is the symbol of the purity of relationship. Through the depiction of the water the author tries to emphasize the fairness and deepness of the relationship of the father and the daughter. Nevertheless, there are different views of critics on this episode. â€Å"After having seen Late Spring, Satomi considered the last scene as too much contrived, as art for art sake’s, appealing to common tastes† (Late Spring, par. 3). Conclusion Late Spring is the interesting film, especially for those who are fond of the Japanese culture and traditions. Ozu enriched his movie with the Japanese symbolism and showed a lot of traditional household and landscape elements in his film. Moreover, the film touches upon the social problems of the Japanese society and can be useful for better understanding of the roots of these problems because a one single family is the small representation of society as a whole. The shooting techniques typically used by Ozu are clearly observed in the film. In particular, we notice the use of static camera, the 360-degree shooting space, and others. Works Cited Atkinson, Michael n.d., Late Spring: Home with Ozu. Web. Bordwell, Davi d. Ozu and the Poetics of Cinema, Princeton, USA: Princeton University Press,1998. Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Late Spring Movie specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Late Spring. Web. Mades07. â€Å"Tarda primavera (æ™ ©Ã¦Ëœ ¥, Banshun) à ¨ un film del 1949 diretto da YasujirÃ…  Ozu..† Online video clip. YouTube. YouTube, 8 Dec. 2012. Web. Wood, Robin. Sexual Politics and Narrative Film: Hollywood and Beyond. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998. This essay on Late Spring Movie was written and submitted by user Reese Nolan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.