The Underground Railroad And The Abolitionist Movement

Johal: 2 Jagdeep Johal King Cheek African American Experience December 21st, 2015 Underground Railroad The idea of Underground Railroad emerged in 1834 when the National Antislavery Society in the United States, an organization that was made up of both blacks and white abolitionists used the railroad to enable about 100,000 slaves to find a path to freedom (Smedley 23). The Underground Railroad became a formal organization in 1838 under the leadership of Robert Purvis, a black abolitionist. Under the guidance of several railroad agents, thousands of slaves made impulsive escapes from the Confederate South (Gara 96). Other slaves managed to utilise well-organised systems to achieve this escapes. Before providing a detailed analysis of the Underground Railroad and its role in the antislavery movement, it is important to note that the idea of ?Underground Railroad? has nothing to do with a real railroad. It is a movement that utilised a variety of means to enable the enslaved Africans to escape from the south (Delle 64). Therefore, the main role of the Underground Ra ilroad was to actively support the ongoing demand for abolishing slavery, the onset of the American civil war, and its historical role of being the pioneer anti-slavery movement in the United States. The Underground Railroad covered 29 states in the United States as well as Mexico, the Caribbean, and Canada (Smedley 56). The concept of rails included streams, rivers, forests, swamps, and back roads. It is believedShow MoreRelatedBlack Slavery : An Essential Part Of The American Economy1744 Words   |  7 PagesAbolitionism, a movement existing concurrently with the institution of slavery, arose aiming to eradicate the practice of slavery and to provide equal rights for black Americans. Determined abolitionists turned to literature, activism, and progressive action to work toward their goal. Extreme abolitionists even went was far as participating illegally in a network of northbound trails located in the south which came to be known as the Underground Railroad. Founded in the early 1800s, the Underground RailroadRead MoreThe Great Awakening Of The Antebellum Period1524 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Underground Railroad. Fredrick Douglass was also very influential in this time becaus e he is a true example of a black abolitionist and his speech changed lives. Another important event in the Antebellum Period was the Abolitionist movement. Abolitionists wanted to abolish, or terminate, slavery because they thought it was unjust and wrong. One of the main reasons for the creation of abolition is the Second Great Awakening (McKivigan). The Second Great Awakening was a religious movement in theRead MoreThe Underground Railroad And Its Impact On American Culture1608 Words   |  7 Pages The Underground Railroad was an innovated organization whose main goal was to free slaves. This amazing system was founded in the 18th century, by a man names Levi Coffin. It used as an escape for any slaves in the South. . The courageous people within the organization help to shape a new America. The course of this organization ultimately changed the course of American history. This legendary organization was known for many things, but in retrospect it help spark the civil war. To have a fullRead MoreThe Abolitionist Movement and The Civil Rights Movement Essay615 Words   |  3 Pages Throughout the history of the United States there have been many reform movements that have molded the culture we live in today. The rights that we as Americans enjoy today can be credited to the people who fought for more rights and a better way of life. Two reform movements that have changed America for the better are the Abolitionist Movement and the Civil Rights Movement. Around the 1820’s the feeling of legal slavery was changing in the United States. The southRead MoreThe Underground Railroad Is Such An Integral Part Of History1356 Words   |  6 Pages The Underground Railroad is such an integral part of history. This paper will provide insight into railroad, a key event that assisted in igniting more passion toward ending slavery, a couple of key players, the routes and the final destinations of the passengers of the railroad. During the time of slavery, networks of places to meet to escort slaves to freedom were created to move them up north. These networks being to materialize in the early 1800’s. The meeting places were secret in natureRead MoreThe Underground Railroad And The Civil War1709 Words   |  7 PagesThe Underground Railroad was a passage to freedom for the slaves which made the slave-owners exasperate. The slaves had to risk their lives while travelling to the northern states but it was worth it as the result of such hard work was freedom. 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Before the underground railroad, ifRead MoreThe Underground Railroad Is A Positive And Negative Thing1372 Words   |  6 PagesGoing Underground The Underground Railroad is viewed as simply a series of trails that led slave to freedom. It was more than that. What were the motivations behind the creation of it? Were there political involvements? Was it developed with financial gain in mind? The Underground Railroad is another one of those subjects that gets swept under the proverbial carpet. Slavery happened everywhere, whether people want to admit it or not. The Underground Railroad was a positive and a negativeRead MoreThe Underground Railroad1145 Words   |  5 PagesThe Underground Railroad marks a devastating time in our nations History. It is a topic that is generally known but not in depth. Starting in the early 1800’s the Underground Railroad was a way for the slaves to reach their freedom. Initially, I believed that there really was an actual underground tunnel, or railroad that slaves walked through that went from the South to the North. Through my research I have discovered that it was neither of the two, it was a variety of safe places in houses, barnsRead MoreThe Underground Railroad Was Not Only A Significant Part Of Our Nation s History1611 Words   |  7 PagesThe Underground Railroad was not only a significant part of our nation’s history, but also a journey towards freedom, possibility, promise, and hope for so many African American slaves who ventured along the many â€Å"railways† of it. Being involved in the Underground Railroad was a risky affair, but simultaneously, incredibly rewarding for those exerting such great efforts to grab the dreams and promise set before them. The Underground Railroad occurred in several decades prior to the Civil War (Cecelski

Natural Science Study Guide Free Essays

Time Determining the age of the earth: Identify the methods used for determining the age of the earth, what each method reveals, and when It Is appropriate to use each of them. Including: Principles of uniformity, Horizontally, Superimposition and Cross cutting relationships Erosion, Deposits and unconformity Radiometric dating, Carbon 14 Dating use of the Geomagnetic Timescale Fossils: Define and differentiate between Paleontology and Archaeology Define fossils and identify/describe the different types that are commonly found. Explain the processes elated to the forming of various types of fossils (e. We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Science Study Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now G. Molds casts, how Petrified fossils are formed) Geological Time Scale: Eons: Identify the Eons and their associated major events. Eras: Identify the eras and their associated major events. Periods: Identify the various periods, their relationships to each other and the Eras, and their associated major events. Key will be to identify what does/doesn’t belong in each time period. Example 1: â€Å"What type of Organism would you NOT expect to see during the Devotion period? A) insects, B) plants growing on land, C) Jailers fishes, D) Mammals. Example 2: During which Era did the Dinosaurs dominate the land? A) Cenozoic, B) Mesozoic, C) Paleozoic, D) Permian. (Note, why, if included would Jurassic NOT be the correct answer? Think about it†¦ ) Video: How the Earth was Made What evidence did the â€Å"Burgess Shale† reveal? What effect did rolling Oxygen levels have on life In the oceans and on land? How were the coal deposits formed? When did the largest extinction of life ( 90%) occur and what do researchers think caused it? What emerged as the dominant species after this mass extinction? What is the relationship between diamonds and volcanoes? What do researchers believe killed off the dinosaurs? (hint, it’s NOT the same thing that caused the largest extinction! ). What evidence is there to support this hypothesis? What is the â€Å"Tombstone Layer? † What group emerged as the dominant species after the dinosaurs went extinct? Why? What do Glaciers have to do with rock formations in Central Park? From: What Darwin Never Knew Video his start at being a naturalist? How did he develop his idea of â€Å"Decent with modification? What was the evidence that he used? What was Darning’s view of â€Å"natural selection† and how it worked? What evidence did the â€Å"pocket mouse† of Arizona provide when the researchers started examining its genome? What did the â€Å"Human Genome† project reveal about our species relative to others, such as chickens, flies, corn, mice a nd monkeys? What is revealed through the process of embryonic development that supports the theory that we all have a common ancestor? What are Body Plan, switch and boss genes? What do they do? What evidence do we have of their roles and how they work? How did the researchers investigate them and what did their research reveal? What are the broader implications of these findings? Evolution Natural Selection: Chapter 21 Define and differentiate between Evolution and Natural Selection. What is natural selection and what role does it play in Evolution? Explain what is meant by â€Å"Survival of the fittest† (hint, it doesn’t necessarily mean being the â€Å"strongest† or most athletic). Identify, and explain the various sources of genetic variability and the roles they play in evolution. What are â€Å"acquired† traits? How are they acquired and what effect do they have on evolution? What has to happen for advantages genes to be passed on to the next generation? What is the science of Epigenetic revealing about the interaction between the environment and our inherited genes (as well as what we pass on)? Natural Selection: Describe the role of â€Å"selecting agents† in natural selection and evolution. Be prepared to provide or identify examples of traits that can be (or have been) selected â€Å"For† or â€Å"Against. † **What does the Hardy-Weinberg model represent and how is it used? For the Null Hypothesis of this model to be correct (I. E. No changes is occurring), a number of conditions MUST be met. Identify the conditions, explain what it would take to violate these conditions, and provide evidence and or examples f what happens in the â€Å"real world. † Does the â€Å"real world† fit this model? Why or why not? What are the implications of the Hardy-Weinberg model for Evolution? What evidence do we have that Evolution occurs in small steps. Explain not only the evidence, but how each example provides support for, or ties into the theory of Evolution. How to cite Natural Science Study Guide, Papers

Social Networking Web Application

Question: Discuss about theSocial Networking Web Application. Answer: Introduction The man has an innate need to connect with fellow men and has been doing so within the constraints and technology of the times. In the current times, thanks to the Internet, geography and time zones have been made a non-factor as far as communication and sharing of data is concerned. However, the base Internet (and the World Wide Web on top of it) provide only a platform on which applications may be built to utilise the technologies i.e. unless we have a software hosted on the Internet, exploiting the facilities furnished by the Internet for meeting user requirements is not possible. This project is a step in the direction of providing a platform for allowing people to communicate over the World Wide Web using a website. The opportunity is allowing individuals and groups to interact with one another, share data (photos, videos, documents, presentations) 24x7 and to anyone on Earth with due regards to privacy. This project proposal will detail the plan, areas for investigation, background research, literature review, deliverables. A Social Networking Web Application - Project Proposal This paper is a project proposal for a social networking website/web application using the public Internet. The aim of the endeavour is to exploit the features of Internet (and World Wide Web built on top of it) to develop a platform for near-instant communication among people, groups and organisations with due regards to privacy. Rationale Communication is an inherent need of every human being. People communicate for basic survival, to cooperate as well as to bond (Tomasello, 2010). This core requirement of interaction (whether a face-to-face meeting, voice call, video call, letter, email or chat) is the reason that a punishment like solitary confinement (Grassian, 2006) breaks the most steadfast criminals also. Also, Internet and World Wide Web have revolutionised the human way of living. In fact, United Nations has included Internet access in fundamental human rights (Sandle, 2016). The facilities provided by the Internet technologies provide for a rich amalgamation of media like text, images, audio, video to create applications that not only fulfil a real requirement (and thus have the potential to be profitable) but also be visually attractive and delighting the user with its intuitive experience. These are the motivations for this project - fulfilling a fundamental human need on top of a game-changer technology with a delightful user experience, and with the potential to become profitable. Areas for Investigation The project is about enabling people to interact. Thus, to build a useful product, the first areas of investigation will be to define our target users. Next, exploring will be done on the way people communicate, the way the Internet has modified the perceptions and expectations of communication, privacy concerns. Also, an estimate will be made about the susceptibility of our target users to either start using an online network or migrate from an existing one if they are already using one. Next, we will explore user experience, and human-computer interaction specifically using the Internet. Then after evaluating various Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), one will be chosen for developing this project. Finally, we will investigate programming languages (client-side, server-side, database, design) as to their suitability and future scalability. Background Research Major service providers have saturated social networking and thus it may be challenging for a new entrant to gain a foothold. However, the available alternatives also make the competition research easier. Also, many websites have followed the cycle of growth, decay and then dying, which helps us in identifying patterns to help ensure success and avoid mistakes already done. In this background research, we have evaluated the user experience of social networking sites Hi5, Myspace, Facebook and LinkedIn. Also, we have searched the Internet for user reviews of the mentioned social networks to gain insights into users' minds. Next, we evaluated the support available for developing, designing, hosting and maintaining such an application. We are happy to report that a lot of free resources and support is available. The resources include documentations with easy search facility, API (Application Programming Interface) explorers, forums (e.g. StackOverflow), readymade scripts for the common tasks in web development and design. We are also considering the use of programming language frameworks which provide a general base to build our custom code on. Frameworks can save much effort, due to the availability of debugged code ready to be plugged in our custom application (Brooks, 1995). Literature Review Social networking is an important concept in today's world and has been at the forefront of cultural and political movements. A popular social media site, Twitter, was used in thwarting the attempted military coup in Turkey (El-Erian, 2016). For implementing the design of the website, we will be taking occasional guidance from Niederst Robbins (2012). These days, user expectations from any product - online or offline are great and ever-increasing. The harsh criticisms of users shoot down all but the most meticulously designed products. To help us in designing better and delightful user experiences, we will be referencing the classic by Norman (1988), "The Psychology of Everyday Things". The fundamentals of any field do not age with time, and even if technology changes, people do not. To help in the programming implementation, we look forward to the helpful community of professional and hobbyist programmers at StackOverflow ("Stack Overflow", 2017). Also, for managing the cross-browse r inconsistencies we look up to the authors at CSS-Tricks ("Search Results | CSS-Tricks", 2017). Also, we would like our users to stick to our site and keep using it. To help in this, we will learn from research in this direction by Chang Zhu (2012). Next, we will learn from an analysis of two major players in this field - Twitter and Facebook by Hughes, Rowe, Batey, Lee (2012). Finally, we will analyse the uses to which the major service providers are put by users and extrapolate those users to our software and judge our capabilities to meet them. Methodology This project is about developing software. This software will run on the Internet. We will be entering a competitive market, and this will reflect upon our methodology. As mentioned above, we will evaluate the current service providers, users' reviews and form a basic core set of functionality for the initial version. We will do an object-oriented design of the software and take help of tools like the class diagram. Then we will create a relational database schema in software like MySQL Workbench. For development, we are leaning towards iterative approach with regular internal testing (Alpha testing) before launching the product for Beta testing. We will attempt to make the site as cross-browser compatible as possible. We will integrate third-party widgets for user feedback. Additionally, analytics will be collected using Google Analytics. For web hosting, a decision between shared hosting, bare-metal cloud hosting (Infrastructure as a Service, IaaS) or a wrapper cloud service (Platf orm as a Service, PaaS) is pending. Also, we will use version control (most likely Git) to maintain versions of the software code. Research Ethics This project is a communications tool and will enable people and groups to communicate in near-instant without any regards to geographical distance or time zone. What our users talk about, share photos or videos about is not our responsibility per se. This absolution is fair since our service is like the services of telephone and mobile carriers. With our programming and other tasks involved in the project, we will not be in a position to bring any animal, individual or a group to harm. Thus, for this project, there is no requirement of any ethical clearance. Plan This project's primary functionality is expected to take less than three months of a single developer's time. The detailed plan is as follows considering an industry-standard of eight working hours. However, other commitments may not allow eight hours worth of work in a single workday. We can expend extra effort can on weekends and holidays. Thus, we are aware that the time estimated may turn out to be slightly less than the fact. The investigation and selection of a development method may take three to four days. Development, designing, debugging, version control of the application may take about eight weeks. Documentation will take about a week. Alpha testing and the consequent debugging may take another week. Launching may take one to two three days to stabilise the application. Then, every three or four days, we will do maintenance to correct any bugs discovered. Also, we will be providing support to the user as and when concerns are received. Deliverables This software project's deliverables will include the code in the programming language selected, digital assets (e.g. images), database schema, original database file, configurations for servers. Beyond this core set of records, the deliverables include documentation (user and technical), test suites, test results, planning documents and any other documents created in the implementation of the project. Reference List Brooks, F. (1995). The mythical man month (1st ed.). Reading, Mass. [u.a.]: Addison-Wesley. Chang, Y. Zhu, D. (2012). The role of perceived social capital and flow experience in building users continuance intention to social networking sites in China. Computers In Human Behavior, 28(3), 995-1001. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.01.001 El-Erian, M. (2016). How Social Media Helped Defeat the Turkish Coup. Bloomberg View. Retrieved 7 January 2017, from https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2016-07-18/how-social-media-helped-defeat-the-turkish-coup Grassian, S. (2006). Psychiatric Effects of Solitary Confinement. Washington University Journal Of Law Policy, 22. Retrieved from https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1362context=law_journal_law_policy Hughes, D., Rowe, M., Batey, M., Lee, A. (2012). A tale of two sites: Twitter vs. Facebook and the personality predictors of social media usage. Computers In Human Behavior, 28(2), 561-569. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.11.001 Niederst Robbins, J. (2012). Learning Web Design (1st ed.). Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly Associates. Norman, D. (1988). The psychology of everyday things (1st ed.). New York: Basic Books. Search Results | CSS-Tricks. (2017). CSS-Tricks. Retrieved 7 January 2017, from https://css-tricks.com/search-results/?q=cross+browser Sandle, T. (2016). UN thinks internet access is a human right. Business Insider. Retrieved 7 January 2017, from https://www.businessinsider.com/un-says-internet-access-is-a-human-right-2016-7?IR=T Stack Overflow. (2017). Stackoverflow.com. Retrieved 7 January 2017, from https://stackoverflow.com/ Tomasello, M. (2010). Origins of human communication (1st ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.